cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration
projectile motion
Uniform circular motion.
Laws of Motion
Intuitive concept of force.
Inertia
Newton’s first law of motion
momentum and Newton’s second law of motion
impulse
Newton’s third law of motion.
Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
Static, kinetic, and limiting friction
laws of friction
rolling friction and lubrication
Dynamics of uniform circular motion
Centripetal force
examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road)
Work, Energy, and Power
Work done by a constant force
work done by a variable force
kinetic energy
work-energy theorem
power
The notion of potential energy
The potential energy of a spring
conservative forces
conservation of mechanical energy
non-conservative forces
motion in a vertical circle
elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions
System of Particles and Rotational Motion
Centre of mass of a two-particle system
momentum conservation and center of mass motion
Centre of mass of a rigid body
center of mass of a uniform rod
Moment of a force
torque
angular momentum
laws of conservation of angular momentum
Equilibrium of rigid bodies
rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion
comparison of linear and rotational motions
Moment of inertia
radius of gyration
Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects
Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems
Gravitation
The universal law of gravitation
Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential
Escape velocity
Orbital velocity of a satellite
Geostationary satellites
Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
Mechanical Properties of Solids
Elastic behaviour
Stress-strain relationship
Hooke’s law
Young’s modulus
bulk modulus
shear modulus of rigidity
Poisson’s ratio
elastic energy
Mechanical Properties of Fluids
pressure due to a fluid column
Pascal’s law
hydraulic lift
hydraulic brakes
effect of gravity on fluid pressure
viscosity
tokes’ law
terminal velocity
streamline and turbulent flow
critical velocity
Bernoulli’s theorem
Surface energy and surface tension
angle of contact
excess of pressure across a curved surface
application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles, and capillary rise
Thermal Properties of Matter
Heat
temperature
thermal expansion
thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases
anomalous expansion of water
specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv
calorimetry
change of state
latent heat capacity
Heat transfer-conduction, convection, and radiation
thermal conductivity
Qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation
Wein’s Displacement Law
Stefan’s law
Greenhouse effect
Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics)
Heat
work and internal energy
First law of thermodynamics
Isothermal and adiabatic processes
Second law of thermodynamics
reversible and irreversible processes
Heat engine and refrigerator
Kinetic Theory
Equation of state of a perfect gas
work done in compressing a gas
Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions
concept of pressure
Kinetic interpretation of temperature
rms speed of gas molecules
degrees of freedom
law of equipartition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases
concept of mean free path
Avogadro’s number
Oscillations
Periodic motion
time period
frequency
displacement as a function of time
Periodic functions
Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equation
phase
oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant
energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies
simple pendulum derivation of expression for its time period
Free, forced, and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only)
resonance.
Waves
Wave motion
Transverse and longitudinal waves
speed of wave motion
Displacement relation for a progressive wave
Principle of superposition of waves
reflection of waves
standing waves in strings and organ pipes
fundamental mode and harmonics
Beats
Doppler effect
Electric Charges and Fields
Electric Charges, Conservation of charge,
Coulomb’s law of force between two-point charges,
forces between multiple charges,
superposition principle and continuous charge distribution,
Electric field, electric field due to a point charge,
electric field lines,
electric dipole,
electric field due to a dipole,
torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field,
Electric flux,
statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electric potential, potential difference,
electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and a system of charges,
equipotential surfaces,
the electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges, and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field,
Conductors and insulators,
free charges, and bound charges inside a conductor,
Dielectrics and electric polarization,
capacitors and capacitance,
a combination of capacitors in series and in parallel,
the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without a dielectric medium between the plates,
energy stored in a capacitor,
Current Electricity
Electric current, the flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor,
drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current,
Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear),
electrical energy and power,
electrical resistivity, and conductivity, the temperature dependence of resistance,
The internal resistance of a cell, potential difference, and emf of a cell,
a combination of cells in series and in parallel,
Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications,
Wheatstone bridge,
meter bridge,
Potentiometer – principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells, measurement of internal resistance of a cell
Moving Charges and Magnetism
Concept of the magnetic field,
Oersted’s experiment,
Biot – Savart law and its application to the current-carrying circular loop,
Ampere’s law and its applications to an infinitely long straight wire,
Straight and toroidal solenoids,
force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields,
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field,
the force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of the ampere,
torque experienced by a current loop in the uniform magnetic field,
moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter,
Magnetism and Matter
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment,
magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron,
bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid,
magnetic field lines, earth’s magnetic field, and magnetic elements,
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction,
Faraday’s laws
induced EMF and current,
Lenz’s Law,
Eddy currents,
Self and mutual induction,
Alternating Current
Alternating currents,
peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage,
reactance, and impedance,
LC oscillations,
LCR series circuit, resonance,
power in AC circuits,
AC generator, and transformer,
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their Transverse nature,
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses,
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Refraction of light,
total internal reflection and its applications,
optical fibers,
refraction at spherical surfaces,
lenses, thin lens formula,
lensmaker’s formula,
magnification, power of a lens,
combination of thin lenses in contact,
refraction of light through a prism,
Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers,
Wave Optics
Wavefront and Huygens principle,
reflection and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wavefronts,
Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle,
Interference,
Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light,
diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum,
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Dual nature of radiation,
Photoelectric effect,
Hertz and Lenard’s observations,
Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light,
Experimental study of the photoelectric effect
Matter waves-wave nature of particles,
de-Broglie relation
Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering experiment,
Rutherford’s model of the atom,
Bohr’s model, energy levels,
hydrogen spectrum,
Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus,
Nuclear force
Mass-energy relation,
mass defect,
nuclear fission,
nuclear fusion,
Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Energy bands in conductors,
semiconductors, and insulators,
Semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias,
diode as a rectifier, Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell,